Strain Data

Strain number		NIES-4477
Phylum		Euglenozoa
Class		Euglenophyceae
Scientific name		Rapaza viridis A.Yamaguchi, N.Yubuki & B.S.Leander
Synonym
Former name
Common name
Locality (Date of collection)		Pachena Beach, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada (2010-06-18)
Latitude / Longitude		48.792527 /
Habitat (Isolation source)		Marine (Seawater)
History		< Yubuki, Naoji
Isolator (Date of isolation)		Yubuki, Naoji (2010-06-30)
Identified by		Yubuki, Naoji
State of strain		Subculture; Mixed (NIES-4478 as food); Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic
Culture condition (Preculture condition)		Medium: IMK Temperature: 20 C Light intensity: 3 µmol photons/m²/sec, L/D cycle: 10L:14D Duration: 14 D
Gene information		Whole-genome ( PRJDB35577 ) , Transcriptome ( PRJDB35573 ) , 18S rRNA ( AB679269 )
Cell size (min - max)		5 - 20 μm
Organization		Unicellular; Flagellate
Characteristics		Mixotrophic ; Phagotrophic ; Authentic strain (Yamaguchi et al. 2012) ; Genome decoded strain (Kashiyama et al. 2026) ; Kleptoplasty
Other strain no.		Other strain no. : PtEug; PRA-361 (ATCC)
Remarks		Axenic
Movie

Related strain information (Used in same reference)
Strain number	Scientific name	Common name	Habitat (Isolation source)	Characteristics
NIES-1320	Oolithotus fragilis	Coccolithophore	Marine (Seawater)	Planktonic
NIES-8	Chrysotila roscoffensis	Coccolithophore	Marine	Red tide
NIES-2142	Ochromonas danica		Freshwater	Mixotrophic ; Phagotrophic
NIES-494	Oxyrrhis marina	Dinoflagellate	Marine (Seawater)	Phagotrophic ; Heterotrophic
NIES-1441	Percolomonas sp.		Marine (Seawater)	Heterotrophic ; Phagotrophic

Reference
Kashiyama, Y. et al. 2019 Taming chlorophylls by early eukaryotes underpinned algal interactions and the diversification of the eukaryotes on the oxygenated Earth. ISME J., 13, 1899-1910. Strain(s): 8, 254, 274, 286, 324, 331, 353, 381, 494, 623, 624, 997, 1012, 1013, 1015, 1320, 1330, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1372, 1377, 1388, 1390, 1396, 1397, 1408, 1438, 1439, 1441, 1964, 2008, 2142, 2144, 2149, 2300, 2305, 2325, 2433, 2498, 2502, 2566, 2584, 2586, 2589, 2590, 2677, 2878, 3356, 3374, 3775, 4477, 4478 PubMed: 30809012 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0377-0 Yamaguchi, A., Yubuki, N., Leander, B. S. 2012 Morphostasis in a novel eukaryote illuminates the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to phototrophy: description of Rapaza viridis n. gen. et sp. (Euglenozoa, Euglenida). BMC Evol. Biol., 12, 29 (article ID). Strain(s): 4477, 4478 PubMed: 22401606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-29 Kashiyama, Y., Maruyama, M., Nakazawa, M., Kagamoto, T., Imanishi, H., Yamamoto, S., Inoue, M., Onuma, R., Tanifuji, G., Ashida, H., Inada, N., Awai, K., Miyagishima, S. 2026 Transient molecular chimerism for exploiting xenogeneic organelles. Nat. Commun., 17, 2371 (article ID). Strain(s): 4477, 4478 PubMed: 41876518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70516-x Yanagihara, Y., Kashiyama, Y., Nakazawa, M. 2026 Species-specific prey preference and behavioral responses to Tetraselmis chloroplast donors in the euglenoid Rapaza viridis. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 73, e70077 (article ID). Keywords: behavioral filtering; kleptoplasty; prey selectivity; Rapaza viridis; Tetraselmis Strain(s): 1429, 1430, 1432, 1434, 2572, 2855, 2856, 4477, 4478 PubMed: 41846251 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.70077

Reference

Kashiyama, Y. et al. 2019 Taming chlorophylls by early eukaryotes underpinned algal interactions and the diversification of the eukaryotes on the oxygenated Earth. ISME J., 13, 1899-1910.
Strain(s): 8, 254, 274, 286, 324, 331, 353, 381, 494, 623, 624, 997, 1012, 1013, 1015, 1320, 1330, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1372, 1377, 1388, 1390, 1396, 1397, 1408, 1438, 1439, 1441, 1964, 2008, 2142, 2144, 2149, 2300, 2305, 2325, 2433, 2498, 2502, 2566, 2584, 2586, 2589, 2590, 2677, 2878, 3356, 3374, 3775, 4477, 4478
PubMed: 30809012
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0377-0

Yamaguchi, A., Yubuki, N., Leander, B. S. 2012 Morphostasis in a novel eukaryote illuminates the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to phototrophy: description of Rapaza viridis n. gen. et sp. (Euglenozoa, Euglenida). BMC Evol. Biol., 12, 29 (article ID).
Strain(s): 4477, 4478
PubMed: 22401606
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-29

Kashiyama, Y., Maruyama, M., Nakazawa, M., Kagamoto, T., Imanishi, H., Yamamoto, S., Inoue, M., Onuma, R., Tanifuji, G., Ashida, H., Inada, N., Awai, K., Miyagishima, S. 2026 Transient molecular chimerism for exploiting xenogeneic organelles. Nat. Commun., 17, 2371 (article ID).
Strain(s): 4477, 4478
PubMed: 41876518
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70516-x

Yanagihara, Y., Kashiyama, Y., Nakazawa, M. 2026 Species-specific prey preference and behavioral responses to Tetraselmis chloroplast donors in the euglenoid Rapaza viridis. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 73, e70077 (article ID).
Keywords: behavioral filtering; kleptoplasty; prey selectivity; Rapaza viridis; Tetraselmis
Strain(s): 1429, 1430, 1432, 1434, 2572, 2855, 2856, 4477, 4478
PubMed: 41846251
DOI: 10.1111/jeu.70077

Unauthorized copying and replication of text, images, and tables in our homepage, are prohibited.