Strain number NIES-3780  
Phylum Chlorophyta  
Class Chlorophyceae  
Scientific name Volvox africanus G.S.West  
Synonym  
Former name  
Common name Green alga ; Volvocine alga  
Locality (Date of collection) Lake Biwa, Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu Shiga, Japan (2013-07-03)  
Latitude / Longitude 35.073889 / 135.931944 
Habitat (Isolation source) Freshwater (Lake water)  
History < Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
Isolator (Date of isolation) Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2013-07-03)  
Identified by Nozaki, Hisayoshi  
State of strain Subculture; Unialgal; Clonal; Axenic[2022 Apr]  
Culture condition
(Preculture condition)
Medium:  AF-6/2 ;  AF-6/3  
Temperature:  20 C
Light intensity:  12-23 µmol photons/m2/sec, L/D cycle:  10L:14D
Duration:  1 M  
Gene information Whole-genome ( BNCO01000001-BNCO01000448 ) , ITS2 ( LC090159 ) , atpB ( LC090150 ) , rbcL ( LC090149 ) , psaA ( LC090151 ) , psaB ( LC090152 ) , psbC ( LC090153 ) , MID ( LC274875 LC274876 ) , sex determining region ( LC582540 LC586641 LC586642 )  
Cell size (min - max)  
Organization Colonial; Flagellate 
Characteristics Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious with male ; Oogamy ; F1 strain (NIES-3784) ; Genome decoded strain (Yamamoto et al. 2021)  
Other strain no. Other strain no. : 2013-0703-VO4  
Remarks Axenic; Fragile species to transportation stresses; Read and agree "How to order 4.1" 
Movie  
Related strain information
(Large number of orders and same genus or species)
Related strain information
(Whose relevance due to simultaneous purchases and other information is inferred by AI)
Strain number Scientific name Common name Habitat (Isolation source) Characteristics
NIES-732
Volvox carteri Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Paddy soil) Phototaxis ; Authentic strain ; Heterothallic ; Dioecious ; Oogamy ; Female ; Crosses with NIES-733  
NIES-694
Volvox aureus Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Stream water) Other water bloom ; Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Dioecious ; Oogamy  
NIES-4029
Volvox ferrisii Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Pond water) Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious ; Oogamy ; Resting zygote forming  
NIES-867
Volvox gigas Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Phototaxis ; Heterothallic ; Dioecious ; Oogamy ; Female  
NIES-241
Volvox aureus Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Pond sediment) Phototaxis ; Fertility lost  
Related strain information
(Used in same reference)
Strain number Scientific name Common name Habitat (Isolation source) Characteristics
NIES-4484
Pleodorina starrii Green alga   Freshwater Phototaxis ; F1 clone of NIES-4481×4482 ; Unisexual female  
NIES-4535
Volvox ferrisii Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater Other water bloom ; Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious ; Oogamy ; F1 clone of NIES-2737  
NIES-3988
Volvox ferrisii Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Pond water) Mixotrophic ; Phototaxis ; Homothallic ; Monoecious ; Oogamy ; Resting zygote forming ; Life cycle (Isaka et al. 2012, J. Phycol.)  
NIES-731
Volvox zeikusii Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater Phototaxis ; Authentic strain (Nozaki et al. 2019)  
NIES-4468
Volvox africanus Green alga ; Volvocine alga   Freshwater (Reservoir water) Phototaxis ; Dioecious ; Homothallic ; Genome decoded strain (Yamamoto et al. 2023)  
Reference
Nozaki, H., Matsuzaki, R., Yamamoto, K., Kawachi, M., Takahashi, F. 2015 Delineating a new heterothallic species of Volvox (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) using new strains of “Volvox africanus”. PLoS One, 10, e0142632 (article ID).
Strain(s): 863,  3780,  3781,  3782,  3783,  3784,  3785,  3786 
PubMed: 26562165
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142632

Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Mori, T., Takahashi, F., Sekimoto, H., Ferris, P. J., Nozaki, H. 2017 Molecular evolutionary analysis of a gender-limited MID ortholog from the homothallic species Volvox africanus with male and monoecious spheroids. PLoS One, 12, e0180313 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780,  3782,  3783,  3785,  3786,  3986,  4110,  4111 
PubMed: 28665990
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180313

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Repeated evolution and reversibilityof self-fertilization in the volvocinegreen algae. Evolution, 72, 386-398.
Keywords: Haploid; phylogenetics; self-fertilization; sex; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 289,  418,  456,  458,  460,  541,  543,  544,  545,  564,  566,  568,  569,  571,  572,  574,  578,  582,  653,  732,  851,  856,  857,  872,  875,  876,  877,  878,  880,  882,  883,  891,  892,  1038,  1362,  1711,  1713,  2457,  2569,  2738,  3382,  3388,  3780,  3782 
PubMed: 29134623
DOI: 10.1111/evo.13394

Gaouda, H., Hamaji, T., Yamamoto, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Fujiyama, A., Nozaki, H., Smith, D. R. 2018 Exploring the limits and causes of plastid genome expansion in volvocine green algae. Genome Biol. Evol., 10, 2248-2254.
Keywords: Eudorina; genome expansion; mutational hazard hypothesis; Volvox; Yamagishiella
Strain(s): 3780,  3982,  3984 
PubMed: 30102347
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy175

Hanschen, E. R., Herron, M. D., Wiens, J. J., Nozaki, H., Michod, R. E. 2018 Multicellularity drives the evolution of sexual traits. Am. Nat., 192, E93-E10.
Keywords: sex; volvocine green algae; multicellularity; ancestral state; reconstruction; anisogamy; sexual dimorphism
Strain(s): 289,  418,  421,  456,  458,  460,  522,  541,  543,  544,  545,  564,  566,  568,  569,  571,  572,  574,  578,  582,  653,  732,  751,  851,  856,  857,  872,  875,  876,  877,  878,  880,  882,  883,  891,  892,  1038,  1362,  1711,  1713,  2457,  2569,  2738,  3382,  3388,  3780,  3782 
PubMed: 30125231
DOI: 10.1086/698301

Hanschen, E. R., Davison, D. R., Ferris, P. J., Michod, R. E. 2018 On the rediscovery of Volvox perglobator (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) and the evolution of outcrossing from self-fertilization. Evol. Ecol. Res., 19, 299-318.
Keywords: homothallism; phylogenetics; reversion; self-fertilization; sexual reproduction; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 289,  421,  456,  458,  460,  474,  522,  541,  543,  544,  545,  564,  566,  568,  569,  571,  572,  574,  578,  582,  653,  732,  751,  851,  856,  872,  876,  877,  878,  880,  882,  1038,  1122,  1140,  1148,  1156,  1157,  1362,  1708,  1711,  1713,  1859,  2457,  2569,  2738,  3382,  3388,  3780,  3782,  3986,  4145,  4258,  4259,  4260 

Yamamoto, K., Hamaji, T., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Matsuzaki, R., Takahashi, F., Nishimura, Y., Kawachi, M., Noguchi, H., Minakuchi, YY., Umen, J. G., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three genomes in the algal genus Volvox reveal the fate of a haploid sex-determining region after a transition to homothallism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 118, e2100712118 (article ID).
Keywords: Volvox; evolution; heterothallism; homothallism; sex
Strain(s): 3780,  3781,  3782,  3783,  3784,  3785,  3786 
PubMed: 34011609
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100712118

Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Ootsuki, R., Hamaji, T., Tsuchikane, Y., Sekimoto, H., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2021 Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system. Evolution, 75, 2984-2993.
Keywords: Haploid species; inbreeding; life-history evolution; mating systems; reproductive isolation; sex
Strain(s): 456,  460,  541,  544,  731,  732,  872,  891,  892,  1362,  1363,  2569,  3382,  3383,  3780,  3782,  4066,  4068,  4479,  4480,  4481,  4482,  4483,  4484 
PubMed: 34250602
DOI: 10.1111/evo.14306

Nozaki, H., Mahakham, W., Heman W., Matsuzaki, R., Kawachi, M. 2022 Morphology, mating system and taxonomy of Volvox africanus (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) from Thailand. Bot. Stud., 63, 1 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780,  3781,  3782,  3783,  4467,  4468 
PubMed: 35061120
DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00332-1

Yamamoto, K., Matsuzaki, R., Mahakham, W., Heman, W., Sekimoto, H., Kawachi, M., Minakuchi, Y., Toyoda, A., Nozaki, H. 2023 Expanded male sex-determining region conserved during the evolution of homothallism in the green alga Volvox. iScience, 26, 106893 (article ID).
Strain(s): 3780,  3785,  3786,  4468 
PubMed: 37378338
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106893

Yamagishi, S., Yamamoto, K., Takahashi, K., Kawai-Toyooka, H., Suzuki, S., Matsuzaki, R., Yamaguchi, H., Kawachi, M., Higashiyama, T., Nozaki, H. 2024 Evolutionary analysis of MID homologs during the transition from homothallic species to heterothallic species in Volvox sect. Volvox (Chlorophyceae). Phycol. Res., 72, 46-55.
Keywords: male gamete; mating system; minus dominance gene (MID); molecular evolution; sex; sperm packet; volvocine green algae
Strain(s): 289,  456,  460,  541,  544,  545,  569,  572,  574,  582,  652,  653,  654,  732,  851,  852,  857,  872,  891,  892,  1362,  1363,  1708,  1710,  1859,  2457,  2569,  2735,  2736,  2740,  3382,  3383,  3780,  3782,  3786,  3874,  3984,  3986,  3988,  4021,  4025,  4336,  4432,  4535,  4536,  4537 
DOI: 10.1111/pre.12538

Ueki, N. & Wakabayashi, K. 2025 Multicellularity and increasing Reynolds number impact on the evolutionary shift in flash-induced ciliary response in Volvocales. BMC Ecol. Evol., 24, 119 (article ID).
Strain(s): 544,  545,  564,  571,  574,  576,  717,  728,  730,  731,  734,  867,  868,  882,  891,  1711,  2569,  3780,  3785,  4029,  4127,  4270,  4662 
PubMed: 39277710
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02307-1

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